[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1608},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page:cdn/stories/gb/blog/what-is-the-bradford-factor-how-to-calculate-and-use-it/:gb:published:blog-post:":3},{"name":4,"created_at":5,"published_at":6,"updated_at":7,"id":8,"uuid":9,"content":10,"slug":1601,"full_slug":1602,"sort_by_date":44,"position":1603,"tag_list":1604,"is_startpage":47,"parent_id":1605,"meta_data":44,"group_id":1606,"first_published_at":6,"release_id":44,"lang":51,"path":44,"alternates":1607,"default_full_slug":44,"translated_slugs":44},"What Is the Bradford Factor? How to Calculate and Use It","2026-11-04T05:14:00.516Z","2026-11-04T05:15:40.889Z","2026-11-04T05:15:40.914Z",237894207593949,"8f327d0d-1e2c-4a82-9396-0fa70d7f0677",{"seo":11,"_uid":16,"AI_SEO":17,"author":18,"content":54,"headline":4,"component":1433,"post_date":1434,"thumbnail":1435,"types_tag":1445,"features_tag":1470,"show_resource":53,"industries_tag":1492,"related_articles":1600},{"title":12,"plugin":13,"seoTitle":4,"seoKeywords":14,"seoTitleInput":4,"seoDescription":15},"SEO Metadata","deputy-seo-metadata","bradford factor\nbradford score\nbradford points\nbradford factor calculator\nbradford factor score\nwhat is the bradford factor\nbradford factor formula\nhow to calculate bradford factor\nbradford factor calculation\nbradford factor trigger points\nbradford score chart\nbradford factor scale\nwhat is a good bradford factor score\nwhat is an acceptable bradford score\nbradford factor sickness\nbradford factor rolling 12 months\nsickness absence policy\nreturn to work interview\nabsence management\nstatutory sick pay 2026","The Bradford Factor is an absence score worked out as spells squared times total days absent. It flags frequent short absences for a fair review, not a verdict.","5b2999e4-4e76-461c-b306-b11ba6a2905c","",{"name":19,"created_at":20,"published_at":21,"updated_at":22,"id":23,"uuid":24,"content":25,"slug":42,"full_slug":43,"sort_by_date":44,"position":45,"tag_list":46,"is_startpage":47,"parent_id":48,"meta_data":44,"group_id":49,"first_published_at":50,"release_id":44,"lang":51,"path":44,"alternates":52,"default_full_slug":44,"translated_slugs":44,"_stopResolving":53},"Deputy Team","2020-05-15T04:58:13.875Z","2021-02-02T22:57:04.000Z","2021-02-02T04:30:43.760Z",11527696,"25fffc56-55d1-4f59-8b1e-617162a8927e",{"_uid":26,"name":19,"image":27,"component":40,"description":41},"a8a7137e-efc4-44fd-89e9-bcd4641aac65",{"_uid":28,"title":29,"plugin":30,"imageAlt":31,"minWidth":32,"imageName":33,"imageS3Key":34,"description":35,"mobileWidth":36,"desktopWidth":36,"assetSelector":17,"imagePublicUrl":37,"imageOriginalUrl":38,"sourceImageWidth":39,"sourceImageHeight":39},"213ad250-d5a8-4304-bb3c-193a76458e83","Deputy Images","deputy-images","Deputy team",188,"avatar-deputy-team.png","f/64010/2000x2000/636a91b857/avatar-deputy-team.png","A images plugin to ensure consistent, reliable image uploads with strict SEO metadata requirements","94","https://s3.amazonaws.com/a.storyblok.com/f/64010/2000x2000/636a91b857/avatar-deputy-team.png","//a.storyblok.com/f/64010/2000x2000/636a91b857/avatar-deputy-team.png",2000,"blog-author","Deputy’s content team works closely with business owners, managers, and their employees to create helpful articles about how to make their worklife easier.","deputy-team","_content_types/authors/deputy-team",null,-50,[],false,11461645,"416bfdf9-510c-4a02-a693-84f4847ef5b2","2020-06-22T07:51:34.947Z","default",[],true,[55,944,968],{"_uid":56,"content":57,"component":943},"ffda3cd5-a5a0-4d13-8cfe-a9ca9bf5e536",{"type":58,"content":59},"doc",[60,69,74,78,93,97,104,108,120,125,126,138,142,148,152,159,163,198,202,223,234,240,244,430,434,438,442,446,450,456,460,512,524,536,542,546,798,802,808,820,832,836,842,939],{"type":61,"attrs":62,"content":65},"heading",{"id":63,"level":64},"what-is-the-bradford-factor-how-to-calculate-and-use-bradford-scores-fairly",1,[66],{"text":67,"type":68},"What Is the Bradford Factor? How to Calculate and Use Bradford Scores Fairly","text",{"type":70,"content":71},"paragraph",[72],{"text":73,"type":68},"It's 6:40 a.m., and the same team member has just texted in sick again. It's their third single-shift absence this quarter, and the 7 a.m. opening still needs covering. You want to know if this is a pattern or bad luck, and how to measure it fairly.",{"type":70,"content":75},[76],{"text":77,"type":68},"The Bradford Factor is an absence score built for exactly that question. It's commonly calculated as S² × D over a rolling 52 weeks. S is the number of separate absence spells, and D is the total days absent. You'll also hear it called Bradford points or a Bradford score.",{"type":70,"content":79},[80,82,91],{"text":81,"type":68},"Absence adds up across the UK, and the Office for National Statistics (ONS) tracks it. The ",{"text":83,"type":68,"marks":84},"latest ONS sickness absence figures",[85],{"type":86,"attrs":87},"link",{"href":88,"uuid":44,"anchor":44,"target":89,"linktype":90},"https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/labourproductivity/articles/sicknessabsenceinthelabourmarket/2025","_blank","url",{"text":92,"type":68}," estimate that 148.8 million working days were lost because of sickness or injury in 2025. That's an average of 4.4 days lost per worker.",{"type":70,"content":94},[95],{"text":96,"type":68},"Keep one idea in mind: the score is a flag, not a verdict. It shows how often someone's absence breaks the rota. It can't tell you why.",{"type":61,"attrs":98,"content":101},{"id":99,"level":100},"what-the-bradford-factor-measures-and-why-spells-matter-more-than-days",2,[102],{"text":103,"type":68},"What the Bradford Factor measures and why spells matter more than days",{"type":70,"content":105},[106],{"text":107,"type":68},"The Bradford Factor measures how often someone is absent, as well as how long. Because the formula squares the number of spells, frequent short absences score far higher than one long absence.",{"type":70,"content":109},[110,112,118],{"text":111,"type":68},"The premise is that repeated short absences can disrupt a team more than one long, planned absence. Acas, the Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service, also distinguishes between the two types of absence. See ",{"text":113,"type":68,"marks":114},"how Acas suggests recording absence",[115],{"type":86,"attrs":116},{"href":117,"uuid":44,"anchor":44,"target":89,"linktype":90},"https://www.acas.org.uk/recording-and-reducing-sickness-absence",{"text":119,"type":68},": a single long-term absence with a clear reason should be treated differently to repeated short-term absences. A run of single-day sick calls hands you a fresh gap each time, with little notice.",{"type":121,"attrs":122},"image",{"alt":123,"src":124,"title":17},"Barista working alone behind the counter of a sunlit café during an early shift","//a.storyblok.com/f/64010/0x0/e34aabb233/n76cadq2wqs.jpg",{"type":70},{"type":70,"content":127},[128,130,136],{"text":129,"type":68},"In shift work, every spell is a separate hole in the rota. Each one can mean a phone round, a supervisor staying late, or a short-staffed floor at the busiest hour. Here's ",{"text":131,"type":68,"marks":132},"what workplace absenteeism means",[133],{"type":86,"attrs":134},{"href":135,"uuid":44,"anchor":44,"target":89,"linktype":90},"https://www.deputy.com/gb/glossary/workplace-absenteeism",{"text":137,"type":68}," for the bigger picture.",{"type":70,"content":139},[140],{"text":141,"type":68},"Everyday illness plays a big part. The same ONS data shows minor illnesses were the most common reason given for sickness absence in 2025, accounting for 30.4% of occurrences. Coughs, colds, and stomach bugs are real, which is why the number needs a conversation behind it.",{"type":61,"attrs":143,"content":145},{"id":144,"level":100},"how-to-calculate-a-bradford-factor-score",[146],{"text":147,"type":68},"How to calculate a Bradford Factor score",{"type":70,"content":149},[150],{"text":151,"type":68},"You need two numbers from your absence records: separate spells and total days or shifts missed. Square the first, multiply it by the second, and that's the whole Bradford Factor calculation.",{"type":61,"attrs":153,"content":156},{"id":154,"level":155},"the-formula-s-d",3,[157],{"text":158,"type":68},"The formula: S² × D",{"type":70,"content":160},[161],{"text":162,"type":68},"The Bradford Factor formula is B = S² × D. Here's what each letter stands for:",{"type":164,"content":165},"bullet_list",[166,178,188],{"type":167,"content":168},"list_item",[169],{"type":70,"content":170},[171,176],{"text":172,"type":68,"marks":173},"S",[174],{"type":175},"bold",{"text":177,"type":68}," is the number of separate absence spells",{"type":167,"content":179},[180],{"type":70,"content":181},[182,186],{"text":183,"type":68,"marks":184},"D",[185],{"type":175},{"text":187,"type":68}," is the total days (or shifts) absent across those spells",{"type":167,"content":189},[190],{"type":70,"content":191},[192,196],{"text":193,"type":68,"marks":194},"B",[195],{"type":175},{"text":197,"type":68}," is the Bradford score",{"type":70,"content":199},[200],{"text":201,"type":68},"It's commonly applied over a rolling 52 weeks, so older spells drop out as time moves on. Follow three steps:",{"type":203,"content":204},"ordered_list",[205,211,217],{"type":167,"content":206},[207],{"type":70,"content":208},[209],{"text":210,"type":68},"Count the separate spells in the last 52 weeks",{"type":167,"content":212},[213],{"type":70,"content":214},[215],{"text":216,"type":68},"Square that number by multiplying it by itself",{"type":167,"content":218},[219],{"type":70,"content":220},[221],{"text":222,"type":68},"Multiply the result by the total days or shifts absent",{"type":70,"content":224},[225,227,232],{"text":226,"type":68},"Want a quick Bradford Factor calculator? In Excel or Google Sheets, put spells in column B and total days in column C. Then type ",{"text":228,"type":68,"marks":229},"=B2^2*C2",[230],{"type":231},"code",{"text":233,"type":68}," into column D and copy it down for each person.",{"type":61,"attrs":235,"content":237},{"id":236,"level":155},"worked-examples-same-days-very-different-scores",[238],{"text":239,"type":68},"Worked examples: same days, very different scores",{"type":70,"content":241},[242],{"text":243,"type":68},"The table shows how the spell count drives the score. Watch the last column.",{"type":245,"content":246},"table",[247,286,323,360,395],{"type":248,"content":249},"tableRow",[250,258,265,272,279],{"type":251,"attrs":252,"content":253},"tableHeader",{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[254],{"type":70,"content":255},[256],{"text":257,"type":68},"Absence pattern",{"type":251,"attrs":259,"content":260},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[261],{"type":70,"content":262},[263],{"text":264,"type":68},"Spells (S)",{"type":251,"attrs":266,"content":267},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[268],{"type":70,"content":269},[270],{"text":271,"type":68},"Total days (D)",{"type":251,"attrs":273,"content":274},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[275],{"type":70,"content":276},[277],{"text":278,"type":68},"Calculation",{"type":251,"attrs":280,"content":281},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[282],{"type":70,"content":283},[284],{"text":285,"type":68},"Bradford score",{"type":248,"content":287},[288,296,303,310,317],{"type":289,"attrs":290,"content":291},"tableCell",{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[292],{"type":70,"content":293},[294],{"text":295,"type":68},"A single 10-day absence",{"type":289,"attrs":297,"content":298},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[299],{"type":70,"content":300},[301],{"text":302,"type":68},"1",{"type":289,"attrs":304,"content":305},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[306],{"type":70,"content":307},[308],{"text":309,"type":68},"10",{"type":289,"attrs":311,"content":312},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[313],{"type":70,"content":314},[315],{"text":316,"type":68},"1² × 10",{"type":289,"attrs":318,"content":319},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[320],{"type":70,"content":321},[322],{"text":309,"type":68},{"type":248,"content":324},[325,332,339,346,353],{"type":289,"attrs":326,"content":327},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[328],{"type":70,"content":329},[330],{"text":331,"type":68},"Two absences, five days in total",{"type":289,"attrs":333,"content":334},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[335],{"type":70,"content":336},[337],{"text":338,"type":68},"2",{"type":289,"attrs":340,"content":341},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[342],{"type":70,"content":343},[344],{"text":345,"type":68},"5",{"type":289,"attrs":347,"content":348},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[349],{"type":70,"content":350},[351],{"text":352,"type":68},"2² × 5",{"type":289,"attrs":354,"content":355},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[356],{"type":70,"content":357},[358],{"text":359,"type":68},"20",{"type":248,"content":361},[362,369,375,381,388],{"type":289,"attrs":363,"content":364},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[365],{"type":70,"content":366},[367],{"text":368,"type":68},"5 absences, 10 days in total",{"type":289,"attrs":370,"content":371},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[372],{"type":70,"content":373},[374],{"text":345,"type":68},{"type":289,"attrs":376,"content":377},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[378],{"type":70,"content":379},[380],{"text":309,"type":68},{"type":289,"attrs":382,"content":383},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[384],{"type":70,"content":385},[386],{"text":387,"type":68},"5² × 10",{"type":289,"attrs":389,"content":390},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[391],{"type":70,"content":392},[393],{"text":394,"type":68},"250",{"type":248,"content":396},[397,404,410,416,423],{"type":289,"attrs":398,"content":399},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[400],{"type":70,"content":401},[402],{"text":403,"type":68},"10 single-day absences",{"type":289,"attrs":405,"content":406},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[407],{"type":70,"content":408},[409],{"text":309,"type":68},{"type":289,"attrs":411,"content":412},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[413],{"type":70,"content":414},[415],{"text":309,"type":68},{"type":289,"attrs":417,"content":418},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[419],{"type":70,"content":420},[421],{"text":422,"type":68},"10² × 10",{"type":289,"attrs":424,"content":425},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[426],{"type":70,"content":427},[428],{"text":429,"type":68},"1,000",{"type":70,"content":431},[432],{"text":433,"type":68},"The first and last rows both lose 10 days. The last one scores 100 times higher, because the rota broke 10 times instead of once. That difference is the flag.",{"type":70,"content":435},[436],{"text":437,"type":68},"Here's how it looks in a café. Priya's absence record covers the last 12 months. In that time, they've had four single-shift absences, so their score is 4² × 4 = 64.",{"type":70,"content":439},[440],{"text":441,"type":68},"Two of those were the 7 a.m. opening, so the supervisor opened the doors, set up the coffee machine, and served the first queue alone. The other two were Saturday closes, which ran one person down through the evening rush.",{"type":70,"content":443},[444],{"text":445,"type":68},"Their colleague Tom was off for 10 consecutive shifts after planned surgery. Tom's score is 1² × 10 = 10. You knew the dates weeks ahead and built cover into the rota.",{"type":70,"content":447},[448],{"text":449,"type":68},"Tom missed more shifts, yet Priya scores more than six times higher. That tells you where to look. It doesn't tell you what's going on in Priya's life.",{"type":61,"attrs":451,"content":453},{"id":452,"level":155},"counting-spells-in-shift-work",[454],{"text":455,"type":68},"Counting spells in shift work",{"type":70,"content":457},[458],{"text":459,"type":68},"Decide your counting rules before you calculate anything, and write them into your policy. Without them, two managers can score the same absence record differently.",{"type":164,"content":461},[462,472,482,492,502],{"type":167,"content":463},[464],{"type":70,"content":465},[466,470],{"text":467,"type":68,"marks":468},"Shifts or calendar days.",[469],{"type":175},{"text":471,"type":68}," Pick one unit for D and use it for everyone. For shift workers, missed shifts on the rota can give a fairer picture than calendar days.",{"type":167,"content":473},[474],{"type":70,"content":475},[476,480],{"text":477,"type":68,"marks":478},"Rest days in the middle.",[479],{"type":175},{"text":481,"type":68}," A sickness absence that runs across rest days counts as one spell. If you count in shifts, only the missed shifts on the rota add to D.",{"type":167,"content":483},[484],{"type":70,"content":485},[486,490],{"text":487,"type":68,"marks":488},"Going home sick mid-shift.",[489],{"type":175},{"text":491,"type":68}," Decide if this counts as a spell, a part-shift, or neither. Then record it the same way every time.",{"type":167,"content":493},[494],{"type":70,"content":495},[496,500],{"text":497,"type":68,"marks":498},"No-shows.",[499],{"type":175},{"text":501,"type":68}," A no-call, no-show may be a conduct matter. Decide if it adds to the score or goes through a separate process.",{"type":167,"content":503},[504],{"type":70,"content":505},[506,510],{"text":507,"type":68,"marks":508},"Part-time staff.",[509],{"type":175},{"text":511,"type":68}," Someone on two shifts a week has fewer shifts to miss. Check their score against contracted shifts before you act.",{"type":70,"content":513},[514,516,522],{"text":515,"type":68},"Use one window for everyone, whether you call it a rolling 52 weeks or a rolling 12 months. Logging each absence in ",{"text":517,"type":68,"marks":518},"leave management software",[519],{"type":86,"attrs":520},{"href":521,"uuid":44,"anchor":44,"target":89,"linktype":90},"https://www.deputy.com/gb/features/leave-management",{"text":523,"type":68}," against a set leave type helps keep reasons consistent across managers and sites.",{"type":70,"content":525},[526,528,534],{"text":527,"type":68},"You also need to know which shifts someone missed. ",{"text":529,"type":68,"marks":530},"Deputy Time and Attendance",[531],{"type":86,"attrs":532},{"href":533,"uuid":44,"anchor":44,"target":89,"linktype":90},"https://www.deputy.com/gb/features/time-and-attendance",{"text":535,"type":68}," records clock-ins against scheduled shifts, so managers can review gaps before they count a spell.",{"type":61,"attrs":537,"content":539},{"id":538,"level":100},"bradford-score-chart-a-quick-lookup-grid",[540],{"text":541,"type":68},"Bradford score chart: a quick lookup grid",{"type":70,"content":543},[544],{"text":545,"type":68},"This Bradford score chart gives you the score at a glance. Find the number of spells on the left, then read across to the total days absent.",{"type":245,"content":547},[548,584,617,652,689,726,761],{"type":248,"content":549},[550,556,563,570,577],{"type":251,"attrs":551,"content":552},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[553],{"type":70,"content":554},[555],{"text":264,"type":68},{"type":251,"attrs":557,"content":558},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[559],{"type":70,"content":560},[561],{"text":562,"type":68},"2 days",{"type":251,"attrs":564,"content":565},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[566],{"type":70,"content":567},[568],{"text":569,"type":68},"5 days",{"type":251,"attrs":571,"content":572},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[573],{"type":70,"content":574},[575],{"text":576,"type":68},"10 days",{"type":251,"attrs":578,"content":579},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[580],{"type":70,"content":581},[582],{"text":583,"type":68},"15 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cells, such as six spells across two days, only apply if your policy counts part-shifts as part-days. Read down any column and you'll see the Bradford Factor scale climb fast. In the 10-day column, doubling the spells quadruples the score.",{"type":61,"attrs":803,"content":805},{"id":804,"level":100},"whats-a-good-bradford-factor-score-trigger-points-explained",[806],{"text":807,"type":68},"What's a good Bradford Factor score? Trigger points explained",{"type":70,"content":809},[810,812,818],{"text":811,"type":68},"There's no legal or official \"good\" Bradford Factor score. ",{"text":813,"type":68,"marks":814},"Acas guidance on trigger points",[815],{"type":86,"attrs":816},{"href":817,"uuid":44,"anchor":44,"target":89,"linktype":90},"https://www.acas.org.uk/absence-trigger-points",{"text":819,"type":68}," says there are no legal rules about how or when absence should be reviewed. Employers set their own trigger points, so an acceptable Bradford score is whatever your policy says, applied the same way to everyone.",{"type":70,"content":821},[822,824,830],{"text":823,"type":68},"Acas also publishes free guidance on writing policies. Its ",{"text":825,"type":68,"marks":826},"Acas absence policy guidance",[827],{"type":86,"attrs":828},{"href":829,"uuid":44,"anchor":44,"target":89,"linktype":90},"https://www.acas.org.uk/creating-absence-policies",{"text":831,"type":68}," says policies should consider \"whether you use a trigger point system and how this works\". If you use one, put the bands in writing so staff know where they stand.",{"type":70,"content":833},[834],{"text":835,"type":68},"Here's one illustrative set of bands to adapt for your business. Treat it as an example, since each employer sets its own.",{"type":70,"content":837},[838],{"text":839,"type":68,"marks":840},"Example trigger points (set by the employer, not a legal standard)",[841],{"type":175},{"type":245,"content":843},[844,859,875,891,907,923],{"type":248,"content":845},[846,852],{"type":251,"attrs":847,"content":848},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[849],{"type":70,"content":850},[851],{"text":285,"type":68},{"type":251,"attrs":853,"content":854},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[855],{"type":70,"content":856},[857],{"text":858,"type":68},"Example action",{"type":248,"content":860},[861,868],{"type":289,"attrs":862,"content":863},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[864],{"type":70,"content":865},[866],{"text":867,"type":68},"Under 51",{"type":289,"attrs":869,"content":870},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[871],{"type":70,"content":872},[873],{"text":874,"type":68},"No action",{"type":248,"content":876},[877,884],{"type":289,"attrs":878,"content":879},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[880],{"type":70,"content":881},[882],{"text":883,"type":68},"51–200",{"type":289,"attrs":885,"content":886},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[887],{"type":70,"content":888},[889],{"text":890,"type":68},"Informal conversation",{"type":248,"content":892},[893,900],{"type":289,"attrs":894,"content":895},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[896],{"type":70,"content":897},[898],{"text":899,"type":68},"201–400",{"type":289,"attrs":901,"content":902},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[903],{"type":70,"content":904},[905],{"text":906,"type":68},"First formal stage",{"type":248,"content":908},[909,916],{"type":289,"attrs":910,"content":911},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[912],{"type":70,"content":913},[914],{"text":915,"type":68},"401–600",{"type":289,"attrs":917,"content":918},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[919],{"type":70,"content":920},[921],{"text":922,"type":68},"Further formal stage",{"type":248,"content":924},[925,932],{"type":289,"attrs":926,"content":927},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[928],{"type":70,"content":929},[930],{"text":931,"type":68},"601+",{"type":289,"attrs":933,"content":934},{"colspan":64,"rowspan":64,"colwidth":44},[935],{"type":70,"content":936},[937],{"text":938,"type":68},"Final review",{"type":70,"content":940},[941],{"text":942,"type":68},"A trigger starts a review. It doesn't decide the outcome. When someone crosses a band, look at the reasons, the pattern, and any support they need first. The score raises the flag, and the conversation reaches the verdict, if there is one.","cms-blog-richtext",{"_uid":945,"ctas":946,"theme":960,"component":961,"hide_capterra":53,"spacer_bottom":644,"call_to_action":962,"call_to_action_style":51},"eac7b8e2-1962-423d-9697-dd14fa3bc3d4",[947,955],{"_uid":948,"link":949,"text":952,"type":953,"component":954,"analyticsId":17},"bc11c273-144e-4d51-9fa1-69995cf59d0b",{"id":17,"url":17,"linktype":950,"fieldtype":951,"cached_url":17},"story","multilink","Start for free","signup","buttonContentType",{"_uid":956,"link":957,"text":958,"type":959,"component":954,"analyticsId":17},"f2690dab-925d-44e5-b561-e9c46d95fd09",{"id":17,"url":17,"linktype":950,"fieldtype":951,"cached_url":17},"See how it works","consultation","azure","cms-cta-dark",{"type":58,"content":963},[964],{"type":70,"content":965},[966],{"text":967,"type":68},"Discover how Deputy can make managing your team effortless",{"_uid":969,"content":970,"component":943},"02df2cfe-7873-4eb3-8437-c5367f88c395",{"type":58,"content":971},[972,978,982,986,992,1004,1016,1028,1032,1038,1042,1054,1074,1078,1084,1096,1102,1106,1138,1150,1156,1160,1192,1198,1202,1228,1247,1253,1257,1269,1281,1300,1306,1358,1369,1375,1381,1385,1391,1395,1401,1413,1419,1423,1429],{"type":61,"attrs":973,"content":975},{"id":974,"level":100},"where-the-bradford-factor-falls-short",[976],{"text":977,"type":68},"Where the Bradford Factor falls short",{"type":70,"content":979},[980],{"text":981,"type":68},"The score counts absences, and that's all it does. It doesn't capture the reason behind a spell, so treating it as a verdict can mislead you.",{"type":121,"attrs":983},{"alt":984,"src":985,"title":17},"Chefs working side by side during a busy restaurant kitchen service","//a.storyblok.com/f/64010/0x0/0278956832/dagv2gggj-4.jpg",{"type":61,"attrs":987,"content":989},{"id":988,"level":155},"disability-pregnancy-and-long-term-conditions",[990],{"text":991,"type":68},"Disability, pregnancy and long-term conditions",{"type":70,"content":993},[994,996,1002],{"text":995,"type":68},"This article is general information, not legal advice. Under the Equality Act 2010, disability-related absence may need different treatment from other sickness. Acas's ",{"text":997,"type":68,"marks":998},"disability-related absence guidance",[999],{"type":86,"attrs":1000},{"href":1001,"uuid":44,"anchor":44,"target":89,"linktype":90},"https://www.acas.org.uk/supporting-disabled-people/disability-related-absence",{"text":1003,"type":68}," lists possible reasonable adjustments, including \"not counting some or all sickness absence related to a disability towards any trigger points\".",{"type":70,"content":1005},[1006,1008,1014],{"text":1007,"type":68},"Acas's ",{"text":1009,"type":68,"marks":1010},"pregnancy-related sickness guidance",[1011],{"type":86,"attrs":1012},{"href":1013,"uuid":44,"anchor":44,"target":89,"linktype":90},"https://www.acas.org.uk/pregnancy-at-work/sickness-and-difficult-pregnancies",{"text":1015,"type":68}," says employers should record pregnancy-related absence separately from other sickness absence. Applying one trigger to everyone, with no exceptions, can expose businesses to discrimination claims, depending on the circumstances.",{"type":70,"content":1017},[1018,1020,1026],{"text":1019,"type":68},"Mental health belongs in this picture too. In the ",{"text":1021,"type":68,"marks":1022},"Acas employer absence survey",[1023],{"type":86,"attrs":1024},{"href":1025,"uuid":44,"anchor":44,"target":89,"linktype":90},"https://www.acas.org.uk/a-third-of-workplace-sickness-absence-is-due-to-stress-anxiety-depression-or-other-mental-health",{"text":1027,"type":68},", almost a third (32%) of bosses report mental health problems as a reason staff give for sickness absence. These include stress, anxiety, and depression. Conditions like these can cause repeated short spells, which the formula scores heavily.",{"type":70,"content":1029},[1030],{"text":1031,"type":68},"If a pattern might link to a health condition, consider an occupational health referral before any formal stage. A specialist can advise on support or adjustments that may help.",{"type":61,"attrs":1033,"content":1035},{"id":1034,"level":155},"presenteeism-and-day-one-sick-pay",[1036],{"text":1037,"type":68},"Presenteeism and day-one sick pay",{"type":70,"content":1039},[1040],{"text":1041,"type":68},"Tight triggers can push ill people into work. In a kitchen, that can mean someone with a stomach bug handling food. In a care home, it can mean a carer with flu helping older residents wash and dress.",{"type":70,"content":1043},[1044,1046,1052],{"text":1045,"type":68},"Sick pay rules have changed as well. From 6 April 2026, statutory sick pay (SSP) is payable from the first day of sickness, with no waiting days. Under the ",{"text":1047,"type":68,"marks":1048},"2026 statutory sick pay changes",[1049],{"type":86,"attrs":1050},{"href":1051,"uuid":44,"anchor":44,"target":89,"linktype":90},"https://www.acas.org.uk/statutory-sick-pay-changes-2026",{"text":1053,"type":68},", the government estimates employer SSP costs will rise by around £450 million per year.",{"type":70,"content":1055},[1056,1058,1064,1066,1072],{"text":1057,"type":68},"The ",{"text":1059,"type":68,"marks":1060},"current SSP weekly rate",[1061],{"type":86,"attrs":1062},{"href":1063,"uuid":44,"anchor":44,"target":89,"linktype":90},"https://www.gov.uk/guidance/rates-and-thresholds-for-employers-2026-to-2027",{"text":1065,"type":68}," for 2026 to 2027 is £123.25 or 80% of the employee's average weekly earnings, whichever is lower. So each short spell now shows up in pay as well as on the rota. Our guide to ",{"text":1067,"type":68,"marks":1068},"UK statutory sick pay rules",[1069],{"type":86,"attrs":1070},{"href":1071,"uuid":44,"anchor":44,"target":89,"linktype":90},"https://www.deputy.com/gb/blog/statutory-sick-pay-uk-guide-for-retail-employers-2026",{"text":1073,"type":68}," covers the detail.",{"type":70,"content":1075},[1076],{"text":1077,"type":68},"Day-one sick pay and a strict trigger can pull staff in opposite directions. If you treat the score as a prompt to talk, people may feel less pressure to work through illness.",{"type":61,"attrs":1079,"content":1081},{"id":1080,"level":100},"how-to-use-bradford-scores-fairly-in-a-shift-based-team",[1082],{"text":1083,"type":68},"How to use Bradford scores fairly in a shift-based team",{"type":70,"content":1085},[1086,1088,1094],{"text":1087,"type":68},"Fair use comes down to four habits: clear rules, clean data, a proper conversation, and a look at the rota. For the wider process, see our ",{"text":1089,"type":68,"marks":1090},"complete absence management guide",[1091],{"type":86,"attrs":1092},{"href":1093,"uuid":44,"anchor":44,"target":89,"linktype":90},"https://www.deputy.com/gb/blog/absence-management-your-guide-for-how-to-properly-handle-it",{"text":1095,"type":68},".",{"type":61,"attrs":1097,"content":1099},{"id":1098,"level":155},"put-the-rules-in-your-absence-policy",[1100],{"text":1101,"type":68},"Put the rules in your absence policy",{"type":70,"content":1103},[1104],{"text":1105,"type":68},"Write down how the Bradford Factor works before anyone gets a score. Your sickness absence policy can cover:",{"type":164,"content":1107},[1108,1114,1120,1126,1132],{"type":167,"content":1109},[1110],{"type":70,"content":1111},[1112],{"text":1113,"type":68},"Which absences count and which don't, such as holidays, dependants' leave, and maternity leave",{"type":167,"content":1115},[1116],{"type":70,"content":1117},[1118],{"text":1119,"type":68},"How you treat disability-related and pregnancy-related absence",{"type":167,"content":1121},[1122],{"type":70,"content":1123},[1124],{"text":1125,"type":68},"The rolling period you use",{"type":167,"content":1127},[1128],{"type":70,"content":1129},[1130],{"text":1131,"type":68},"How you count spells, shifts, part-shifts, and rest days",{"type":167,"content":1133},[1134],{"type":70,"content":1135},[1136],{"text":1137,"type":68},"What each trigger point leads to and who reviews it",{"type":70,"content":1139},[1140,1142,1148],{"text":1141,"type":68},"Share the policy with staff and walk new starters through it. ",{"text":1143,"type":68,"marks":1144},"Deputy HR",[1145],{"type":86,"attrs":1146},{"href":1147,"uuid":44,"anchor":44,"target":89,"linktype":90},"https://www.deputy.com/gb/hr-software",{"text":1149,"type":68}," lets you store policy documents and employee records in one place, so everyone can find the current version.",{"type":61,"attrs":1151,"content":1153},{"id":1152,"level":155},"check-the-data-before-you-act",[1154],{"text":1155,"type":68},"Check the data before you act",{"type":70,"content":1157},[1158],{"text":1159,"type":68},"Check the record before you mention a score to anyone. A wrong number in a meeting can cost you trust.",{"type":164,"content":1161},[1162,1172,1182],{"type":167,"content":1163},[1164],{"type":70,"content":1165},[1166,1170],{"text":1167,"type":68,"marks":1168},"Duplicate entries.",[1169],{"type":175},{"text":1171,"type":68}," One sick call logged twice becomes two spells. Squaring turns that small slip into a much bigger score.",{"type":167,"content":1173},[1174],{"type":70,"content":1175},[1176,1180],{"text":1177,"type":68,"marks":1178},"Wrong leave type.",[1179],{"type":175},{"text":1181,"type":68}," Booked holiday or dependants' leave logged as sickness pushes the score up for no reason.",{"type":167,"content":1183},[1184],{"type":70,"content":1185},[1186,1190],{"text":1187,"type":68,"marks":1188},"Rest days counted as absence.",[1189],{"type":175},{"text":1191,"type":68}," A rest day inside a sick spell isn't a missed shift. Remove it if your policy counts in shifts.",{"type":61,"attrs":1193,"content":1195},{"id":1194,"level":155},"have-the-return-to-work-conversation",[1196],{"text":1197,"type":68},"Have the return-to-work conversation",{"type":70,"content":1199},[1200],{"text":1201,"type":68},"Hold a short return-to-work interview on the person's first shift back, or the next one. Keep it private, calm, and focused on facts.",{"type":203,"content":1203},[1204,1210,1216,1222],{"type":167,"content":1205},[1206],{"type":70,"content":1207},[1208],{"text":1209,"type":68},"Ask what happened and how they're feeling now",{"type":167,"content":1211},[1212],{"type":70,"content":1213},[1214],{"text":1215,"type":68},"Ask if anything at work plays a part, such as early starts, back-to-back closes, or a heavy section",{"type":167,"content":1217},[1218],{"type":70,"content":1219},[1220],{"text":1221,"type":68},"Ask what support would help, such as a shift change or an occupational health referral",{"type":167,"content":1223},[1224],{"type":70,"content":1225},[1226],{"text":1227,"type":68},"Record what you agreed and when you'll check in",{"type":70,"content":1229},[1230,1232,1238,1240,1246],{"text":1231,"type":68},"If a score has crossed a trigger, say so plainly and explain what happens next. Our guide to ",{"text":1233,"type":68,"marks":1234},"handling sickness absence fairly",[1235],{"type":86,"attrs":1236},{"href":1237,"uuid":44,"anchor":44,"target":89,"linktype":90},"https://www.deputy.com/gb/blog/tips-for-handling-sickness-and-absence-at-work",{"text":1239,"type":68}," covers the wider process. For repeated short spells, read these tips on ",{"text":1241,"type":68,"marks":1242},"managing frequently absent employees",[1243],{"type":86,"attrs":1244},{"href":1245,"uuid":44,"anchor":44,"target":89,"linktype":90},"https://www.deputy.com/gb/blog/5-tips-to-deal-with-a-regularly-absent-employee",{"text":1095,"type":68},{"type":61,"attrs":1248,"content":1250},{"id":1249,"level":155},"look-at-the-rota-not-only-the-person",[1251],{"text":1252,"type":68},"Look at the rota, not only the person",{"type":70,"content":1254},[1255],{"text":1256,"type":68},"Compare Bradford scores by site, shift, and manager. If scores cluster on nights, early starts, or clopens (a late close followed by an early open), the cause may sit in the rota design.",{"type":70,"content":1258},[1259,1261,1267],{"text":1260,"type":68},"Spotting that pattern means seeing rotas side by side. ",{"text":1262,"type":68,"marks":1263},"Deputy Rota software",[1264],{"type":86,"attrs":1265},{"href":1266,"uuid":44,"anchor":44,"target":89,"linktype":90},"https://www.deputy.com/gb/features/scheduling-software",{"text":1268,"type":68}," shows rotas across locations, so area managers can compare shift patterns at each site.",{"type":70,"content":1270},[1271,1273,1279],{"text":1272,"type":68},"Then plan for the gaps you can predict. With ",{"text":1274,"type":68,"marks":1275},"shift swapping tools",[1276],{"type":86,"attrs":1277},{"href":1278,"uuid":44,"anchor":44,"target":89,"linktype":90},"https://www.deputy.com/gb/features/shift-swapping",{"text":1280,"type":68},", staff can offer and swap shifts with manager approval, so a sick call doesn't always start a phone round.",{"type":70,"content":1282},[1283,1285,1291,1293,1299],{"text":1284,"type":68},"Venues can find more on ",{"text":1286,"type":68,"marks":1287},"hospitality workforce management",[1288],{"type":86,"attrs":1289},{"href":1290,"uuid":44,"anchor":44,"target":89,"linktype":90},"https://www.deputy.com/gb/industry/hospitality",{"text":1292,"type":68}," for busy weekend rotas. Care settings with tight staffing can read about ",{"text":1294,"type":68,"marks":1295},"healthcare and care rostering",[1296],{"type":86,"attrs":1297},{"href":1298,"uuid":44,"anchor":44,"target":89,"linktype":90},"https://www.deputy.com/gb/industry/healthcare",{"text":1095,"type":68},{"type":61,"attrs":1301,"content":1303},{"id":1302,"level":100},"key-takeaways",[1304],{"text":1305,"type":68},"Key takeaways",{"type":164,"content":1307},[1308,1318,1328,1338,1348],{"type":167,"content":1309},[1310],{"type":70,"content":1311},[1312,1316],{"text":1313,"type":68,"marks":1314},"The score is a flag, not a verdict.",[1315],{"type":175},{"text":1317,"type":68}," S² × D shows how often the rota breaks, and the conversation decides what happens next.",{"type":167,"content":1319},[1320],{"type":70,"content":1321},[1322,1326],{"text":1323,"type":68,"marks":1324},"Write counting rules down first.",[1325],{"type":175},{"text":1327,"type":68}," Settle shifts or days, rest days, part-shifts, and no-shows before anyone gets a score.",{"type":167,"content":1329},[1330],{"type":70,"content":1331},[1332,1336],{"text":1333,"type":68,"marks":1334},"Trigger points are your call.",[1335],{"type":175},{"text":1337,"type":68}," There are no legal rules on trigger points, so set bands in your policy and treat each one as a review point.",{"type":167,"content":1339},[1340],{"type":70,"content":1341},[1342,1346],{"text":1343,"type":68,"marks":1344},"Some absences need separate handling.",[1345],{"type":175},{"text":1347,"type":68}," Disability-related and pregnancy-related absence may need different treatment, so check Acas guidance or take legal advice.",{"type":167,"content":1349},[1350],{"type":70,"content":1351},[1352,1356],{"text":1353,"type":68,"marks":1354},"Check the rota as well as the person.",[1355],{"type":175},{"text":1357,"type":68}," Clusters by shift or site can point to scheduling problems you can fix.",{"type":70,"content":1359},[1360,1362,1368],{"text":1361,"type":68},"You make the call on every score. Having clock-ins, leave records, and rotas in one place can make that call easier to check. ",{"text":1363,"type":68,"marks":1364},"Try Deputy for free",[1365],{"type":86,"attrs":1366},{"href":1367,"uuid":44,"anchor":44,"target":89,"linktype":90},"https://www.deputy.com/gb/free-trial",{"text":1095,"type":68},{"type":61,"attrs":1370,"content":1372},{"id":1371,"level":100},"frequently-asked-questions",[1373],{"text":1374,"type":68},"Frequently asked questions",{"type":61,"attrs":1376,"content":1378},{"id":1377,"level":155},"can-an-employee-be-dismissed-because-of-their-bradford-score-alone",[1379],{"text":1380,"type":68},"Can an employee be dismissed because of their Bradford score alone?",{"type":70,"content":1382},[1383],{"text":1384,"type":68},"Relying on the score alone can expose a business to discrimination claims or other legal risk, depending on the circumstances. Acas guidance advises holding an absence review conversation to check wellbeing and discuss the reasons for absence before deciding next steps. A fair process also looks at any support offered and the steps in your policy. Legal advice can help you check your approach before any formal decision.",{"type":61,"attrs":1386,"content":1388},{"id":1387,"level":155},"does-the-bradford-factor-reset",[1389],{"text":1390,"type":68},"Does the Bradford Factor reset?",{"type":70,"content":1392},[1393],{"text":1394,"type":68},"A rolling Bradford Factor doesn't reset on a set date. Each day, the 52-week window moves forward, so spells older than 52 weeks drop out of the score. Some employers use a fixed year instead, so say which one in your policy.",{"type":61,"attrs":1396,"content":1398},{"id":1397,"level":155},"should-holidays-dependants-leave-or-maternity-leave-count",[1399],{"text":1400,"type":68},"Should holidays, dependants' leave, or maternity leave count?",{"type":70,"content":1402},[1403,1405,1411],{"text":1404,"type":68},"Booked holidays shouldn't count, because the Bradford Factor measures unplanned absence. By law, anyone legally classed as an employee can take ",{"text":1406,"type":68,"marks":1407},"time off for dependants",[1408],{"type":86,"attrs":1409},{"href":1410,"uuid":44,"anchor":44,"target":89,"linktype":90},"https://www.acas.org.uk/time-off-for-dependants",{"text":1412,"type":68}," to help a dependant with an emergency. Maternity leave is a separate statutory entitlement for employees, so counting either in a sickness score can create legal risk, depending on the circumstances. Spell out every exclusion in your policy so managers apply it the same way.",{"type":61,"attrs":1414,"content":1416},{"id":1415,"level":155},"how-does-the-bradford-factor-work-for-part-time-or-zero-hours-staff",[1417],{"text":1418,"type":68},"How does the Bradford Factor work for part-time or zero-hours staff?",{"type":70,"content":1420},[1421],{"text":1422,"type":68},"The formula works the same way for everyone on your rota. For zero-hours staff, count only shifts they'd accepted, since a shift they never agreed to work isn't an absence. Before acting, compare the score with the shifts they actually worked.",{"type":61,"attrs":1424,"content":1426},{"id":1425,"level":155},"do-employers-still-use-the-bradford-factor",[1427],{"text":1428,"type":68},"Do employers still use the Bradford Factor?",{"type":70,"content":1430},[1431],{"text":1432,"type":68},"Yes, some employers still use the Bradford Factor as one way to set review points. Acas describes review point systems based on the number of absences in a set period, and the Bradford Factor is one version of that idea. Critics point to its blind spots around disability, mental health, and presenteeism. If you keep it, pair it with return-to-work conversations and clear written rules.","blog-post","2026-11-04 05:13",{"_uid":1436,"title":29,"imgSrc":17,"plugin":30,"imageAlt":1437,"minWidth":1438,"imageName":1439,"imageS3Key":1440,"description":35,"mobileWidth":1441,"desktopWidth":1441,"assetSelector":17,"imagePublicUrl":1442,"imageOriginalUrl":1443,"sourceImageWidth":1438,"sourceImageHeight":1444},"bba8b578-7a70-4039-b6f0-c2bdbfd2cc20","Café team member in an apron checking staff absence and rota details on a tablet at the 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